Practice paper 3 — Grade 10 Business Studies (Easified, CAPS-aligned)
Notes
This paper lives in the app. Answer in sentences: what it is, how it works, and one worked case from the situation to the result. Draw the picture when the question is visual. Do not invent a formula.
150 min · 52 Marks · 18 questions
Learn the paper in the app: notes, a marks breakdown, the formula you need, and the board working. You do not need to download it.
Business Studies Grade 10. Use this case. KwaMashu print shop. A small print shop in KwaMashu promises school reports by Friday. The paper, the ink and the mission are unchanged on Wednesday when the guillotine that trims pages snaps. Reports go out with ragged edges and two schools do not come back. Customers did not suddenly want a different product. A machine the business owns failed, so the break is a micro resource. In sentences, say what Micro environment is doing here, from the situation to the result.
Micro environment
Notes: In an Alexandra kitchen the baker's alarm, the oven and the written mission are all under one roof.
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Business Studies Grade 10. Use this case. KwaMashu print shop. A small print shop in KwaMashu promises school reports by Friday. The paper, the ink and the mission are unchanged on Wednesday when the guillotine that trims pages snaps. Reports go out with ragged edges and two schools do not come back. Customers did not suddenly want a different product. A machine the business owns failed, so the break is a micro resource. In sentences, say what Micro environment is doing here, from the situation to the result.
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
Micro environment. Vision is the long picture, and the mission is the daily job the business exists to do. Objectives turn that job into a check, such as loaves ready before 6 am. Structure is who reports to whom, resources are the people, money, stock and machines, and culture is how staff behave when nobody is watching. If a key person leaves, the mission can fail even though customers outside have not changed.
2. What do we already know?
In an Alexandra kitchen the baker's alarm, the oven and the written mission are all under one roof.
3. Which method — and why this one?
Micro environment. Vision is the long picture, and the mission is the daily job the business exists to do. Objectives turn that job into a check, such as loaves ready before 6 am. Structure is who reports to whom, resources are the people, money, stock and machines, and culture is how staff behave when nobody is watching. If a key person leaves, the mission can fail even though customers outside have not changed.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
What it is
The micro environment is everything inside the business: vision, mission, objectives, structure, resources and culture. Managers can change these parts without waiting for a competitor or a new law.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
02 / 07
How it works
Vision is the long picture, and the mission is the daily job the business exists to do. Objectives turn that job into a check, such as loaves ready before 6 am. Structure is who reports to whom, resources are the people, money, stock and machines, and culture is how staff behave when nobody is watching. If a key person leaves, the mission can fail even though customers outside have not changed.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
03 / 07
Worked theory
Worked theory. Mama Zanele's bakery on 3rd Avenue in Alexandra writes its mission as fresh bread by 6 am. The night baker, Sipho, quits on a Thursday. On Friday only 40 loaves are ready by 7:30, not 120 by 6:00, and taxi drivers who used to buy two loaves at R14 each walk past. The ovens, the flour and the mission line are still there. The missing resource is a skilled person inside the business, so the micro environment, not the street, is what broke the morning.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
04 / 07
Say it back
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
6. Check it like a marker
The answer names the situation, what changed, and the result. It does not stop at a heading.
7. A trap first-timers fall into
A common mix-up is treating customers and competitors as micro factors, when they belong to the market environment outside the firm.
2 · 4 Marks · Market environment
Business Studies Grade 10. Use this case. Warwick spice shop. A spice shop in Warwick, Durban, buys masala through one wholesaler who also supplies five other shops. The wholesaler switches to Thursday-only deliveries and adds a R50 fee. The shop runs out of chilli on a busy Saturday and customers walk to a supermarket that still has stock. The shop's own staff and mission did not change. The intermediary between producer and buyer is what broke the week's trade. In sentences, say what Market environment is doing here, from the situation to the result.
Market environment
Notes: Two salon doors face each other on a Mamelodi street, and the same wholesaler's bakkie stops at both.
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Business Studies Grade 10. Use this case. Warwick spice shop. A spice shop in Warwick, Durban, buys masala through one wholesaler who also supplies five other shops. The wholesaler switches to Thursday-only deliveries and adds a R50 fee. The shop runs out of chilli on a busy Saturday and customers walk to a supermarket that still has stock. The shop's own staff and mission did not change. The intermediary between producer and buyer is what broke the week's trade. In sentences, say what Market environment is doing here, from the situation to the result.
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
Market environment. Customers decide whether to buy, and suppliers set the cost and reliability of inputs. Competitors offer something similar to the same people, so a price or a better location can pull sales across the street. Intermediaries such as wholesalers, agents and delivery riders stand between the maker and the final buyer. The business does not own these groups, but a change in any one of them changes sales even when the mission on the wall stays the same.
2. What do we already know?
Two salon doors face each other on a Mamelodi street, and the same wholesaler's bakkie stops at both.
3. Which method — and why this one?
Market environment. Customers decide whether to buy, and suppliers set the cost and reliability of inputs. Competitors offer something similar to the same people, so a price or a better location can pull sales across the street. Intermediaries such as wholesalers, agents and delivery riders stand between the maker and the final buyer. The business does not own these groups, but a change in any one of them changes sales even when the mission on the wall stays the same.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
What it is
The market environment is the immediate outside world a business deals with every day: customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
02 / 07
How it works
Customers decide whether to buy, and suppliers set the cost and reliability of inputs. Competitors offer something similar to the same people, so a price or a better location can pull sales across the street. Intermediaries such as wholesalers, agents and delivery riders stand between the maker and the final buyer. The business does not own these groups, but a change in any one of them changes sales even when the mission on the wall stays the same.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
03 / 07
Worked theory
Worked theory. Lindiwe and Thabo each run a hair salon on the same street in Mamelodi, and a relaxer at both shops costs R180. Their Pretoria wholesaler raises a tub of relaxer from R90 to R140. Lindiwe lifts her price to R230 while Thabo stays at R180 and takes a thinner margin. Within a month, eight of Lindiwe's regulars cross the street. Neither mission statement changed. The supplier and the competitor, both market forces, did.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
04 / 07
Say it back
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
6. Check it like a marker
The answer names the situation, what changed, and the result. It does not stop at a heading.
7. A trap first-timers fall into
A common mix-up is calling load shedding or a new tax a market factor, when those are macro forces felt across the whole economy.
3 · 4 Marks · Macro environment
Business Studies Grade 10. Use this case. Stellenbosch dry summer. A small wine farm outside Stellenbosch plans for its usual grape crop. A long dry summer cuts the tonnes on the vines even though the workers, the cellar and the mission stay the same. Less rain is an environmental force in the macro environment, and other farms in the valley feel their own version of it. The owner can irrigate more. The owner cannot order the rain back. In sentences, say what Macro environment is doing here, from the situation to the result.
Macro environment
Notes: A laundry in Gqeberha goes quiet in the afternoon because the suburb's power, not the owner's switch, is off.
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Business Studies Grade 10. Use this case. Stellenbosch dry summer. A small wine farm outside Stellenbosch plans for its usual grape crop. A long dry summer cuts the tonnes on the vines even though the workers, the cellar and the mission stay the same. Less rain is an environmental force in the macro environment, and other farms in the valley feel their own version of it. The owner can irrigate more. The owner cannot order the rain back. In sentences, say what Macro environment is doing here, from the situation to the result.
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
Macro environment. Political forces include policy and stability, and economic forces include inflation, interest rates, the exchange rate and unemployment. Social forces include population, tastes and health, while technological forces include new machines and connectivity. Legal forces include laws such as the minimum wage, and environmental forces include climate, water and the power supply. One firm cannot switch these off, and can only change hours, prices or products after the force has already hit.
2. What do we already know?
A laundry in Gqeberha goes quiet in the afternoon because the suburb's power, not the owner's switch, is off.
3. Which method — and why this one?
Macro environment. Political forces include policy and stability, and economic forces include inflation, interest rates, the exchange rate and unemployment. Social forces include population, tastes and health, while technological forces include new machines and connectivity. Legal forces include laws such as the minimum wage, and environmental forces include climate, water and the power supply. One firm cannot switch these off, and can only change hours, prices or products after the force has already hit.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
What it is
The macro environment is the broad outside world a single business cannot control, usually grouped as PESTLE: political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
02 / 07
How it works
Political forces include policy and stability, and economic forces include inflation, interest rates, the exchange rate and unemployment. Social forces include population, tastes and health, while technological forces include new machines and connectivity. Legal forces include laws such as the minimum wage, and environmental forces include climate, water and the power supply. One firm cannot switch these off, and can only change hours, prices or products after the force has already hit.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
03 / 07
Worked theory
Worked theory. Clean Press, a laundry in Gqeberha, usually finishes about 80 loads a day on six machines. In one month load shedding cuts power for four hours on most weekdays, so finished loads fall to about 50. In the same month the national minimum wage rises and the wage bill for four workers goes up by about R1 200. The owner chose neither shock. Power is an environmental blow and the wage floor is a legal one, and both sit in the macro environment.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
04 / 07
Say it back
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
6. Check it like a marker
The answer names the situation, what changed, and the result. It does not stop at a heading.
7. A trap first-timers fall into
A common mix-up is filing a rival shop or a late supplier under PESTLE, when those are market forces, not macro ones.
4 · 4 Marks · Business sectors
Business Studies Grade 10. Use this case. Knysna pine desk. A crew cuts pine near Knysna, and felling the trees is primary. A workshop planes the planks and builds a school desk, and that making is secondary. A school in George buys the desk, and a driver delivers it. Teaching and delivery are tertiary. The tree does not stay primary after it has become a desk in a classroom. In sentences, say what Business sectors is doing here, from the situation to the result.
Business sectors
Notes: A Hex River vine row, a bottling cellar down the road, and a Cape Town bottle-store shelf are three steps of one drink.
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Business Studies Grade 10. Use this case. Knysna pine desk. A crew cuts pine near Knysna, and felling the trees is primary. A workshop planes the planks and builds a school desk, and that making is secondary. A school in George buys the desk, and a driver delivers it. Teaching and delivery are tertiary. The tree does not stay primary after it has become a desk in a classroom. In sentences, say what Business sectors is doing here, from the situation to the result.
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
Business sectors. Primary work includes farming, fishing, mining and forestry. Secondary work includes factories, mills and building, where something raw is transformed. Tertiary work includes shops, transport, banks, schools and salons. One product can pass through all three sectors, the sector is decided by the activity at that step, and the size of the firm or the town it sits in does not decide the sector.
2. What do we already know?
A Hex River vine row, a bottling cellar down the road, and a Cape Town bottle-store shelf are three steps of one drink.
3. Which method — and why this one?
Business sectors. Primary work includes farming, fishing, mining and forestry. Secondary work includes factories, mills and building, where something raw is transformed. Tertiary work includes shops, transport, banks, schools and salons. One product can pass through all three sectors, the sector is decided by the activity at that step, and the size of the firm or the town it sits in does not decide the sector.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
What it is
Economic activity falls into three sectors: primary takes raw materials from nature, secondary turns them into goods, and tertiary sells a service or gets the finished good to the user.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
02 / 07
How it works
Primary work includes farming, fishing, mining and forestry. Secondary work includes factories, mills and building, where something raw is transformed. Tertiary work includes shops, transport, banks, schools and salons. One product can pass through all three sectors, the sector is decided by the activity at that step, and the size of the firm or the town it sits in does not decide the sector.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
03 / 07
Worked theory
Worked theory. A farm in the Hex River Valley picks grapes, which is primary because the fruit comes from the land. A cellar in the same valley presses and bottles the wine, which is secondary because a raw product is transformed. A bottle store in Cape Town sells a bottle to a household for R85, which is tertiary because the shop is retailing a finished good. The grape, the bottle and the sale are three sectors of one chain, not three names for the same job.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
04 / 07
Say it back
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
6. Check it like a marker
The answer names the situation, what changed, and the result. It does not stop at a heading.
7. A trap first-timers fall into
A common mix-up is calling every rural business primary, when a farm stall that only sells is tertiary.
5 · 4 Marks · Forms of ownership
Business Studies Grade 10. Use this case. A taxi and one owner. A driver in Mamelodi owns one taxi in his own name. Fares are his profit after fuel and the driver's pay. When the taxi smashes a wall, the claim arrives in his name, not in a company's name. That is a sole trader. There is no second owner to share the loss, and there is no separate legal person to hide behind. In sentences, say what Forms of ownership is doing here, from the situation to the result.
Forms of ownership
Notes: A hardware store on a Mbombela street, with a supplier's invoice for the opening stock, is where the form of ownership becomes real.
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Business Studies Grade 10. Use this case. A taxi and one owner. A driver in Mamelodi owns one taxi in his own name. Fares are his profit after fuel and the driver's pay. When the taxi smashes a wall, the claim arrives in his name, not in a company's name. That is a sole trader. There is no second owner to share the loss, and there is no separate legal person to hide behind. In sentences, say what Forms of ownership is doing here, from the situation to the result.
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
Forms of ownership. A sole trader is one person. That person keeps the profit and is personally liable for the debts, and the business often stops when that person stops. A partnership is two or more people who share profit by agreement, and each partner can usually be sued for the full debt. A private company is a separate legal person, so the company, not the owners' houses, is the debtor if the company is run as a company. A co-operative is owned by its members for their mutual benefit. The form is chosen for liability, capital, tax and whether the business must outlive the founder.
2. What do we already know?
A hardware store on a Mbombela street, with a supplier's invoice for the opening stock, is where the form of ownership becomes real.
3. Which method — and why this one?
Forms of ownership. A sole trader is one person. That person keeps the profit and is personally liable for the debts, and the business often stops when that person stops. A partnership is two or more people who share profit by agreement, and each partner can usually be sued for the full debt. A private company is a separate legal person, so the company, not the owners' houses, is the debtor if the company is run as a company. A co-operative is owned by its members for their mutual benefit. The form is chosen for liability, capital, tax and whether the business must outlive the founder.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
What it is
A form of ownership is who legally owns the business and who must pay its debts: a sole trader, a partnership, a private company, or a co-operative.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
02 / 07
How it works
A sole trader is one person. That person keeps the profit and is personally liable for the debts, and the business often stops when that person stops. A partnership is two or more people who share profit by agreement, and each partner can usually be sued for the full debt. A private company is a separate legal person, so the company, not the owners' houses, is the debtor if the company is run as a company. A co-operative is owned by its members for their mutual benefit. The form is chosen for liability, capital, tax and whether the business must outlive the founder.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
03 / 07
Worked theory
Worked theory. Two friends in Mbombela want a hardware store that will owe a supplier about R80 000 for the first stock. As a sole trader, only one of them owns it and that person's house can be sold if the store cannot pay. As a partnership, both can be held for the full R80 000, even if they agreed to split it. As a private company, the company owes the supplier, and the friends lose the money they put in, not automatically the houses, if they keep company money and personal money apart. They pick the private company because the debt is larger than either of them can carry alone.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
04 / 07
Say it back
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
6. Check it like a marker
The answer names the situation, what changed, and the result. It does not stop at a heading.
7. A trap first-timers fall into
A common mix-up is to treat a private company as just a bigger sole trader. The company is a separate debtor. A journal entry for buying a till does not choose the form.
6 · 8 Marks · Contemporary socio-economic issues
Business Studies Grade 10. Use this case. Tzaneen packhouse. A citrus packhouse near Tzaneen depends on seasonal pickers to fill its bins. In one season several regular pickers are too ill, because of HIV-related illness, to work full weeks. Orders to a supermarket go out short even though the trees are fine. Absenteeism from a widespread health problem is a socio-economic issue inside the business's labour supply. The packhouse plans extra hands the next season because the illness, not the orchard, was the gap. In sentences, say what Contemporary socio-economic issues is doing here, from the situation to the result.
Contemporary socio-economic issues
Notes: A Newcastle spaza's Friday takings used to depend on the factory gate across the road.
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Business Studies Grade 10. Use this case. Tzaneen packhouse. A citrus packhouse near Tzaneen depends on seasonal pickers to fill its bins. In one season several regular pickers are too ill, because of HIV-related illness, to work full weeks. Orders to a supermarket go out short even though the trees are fine. Absenteeism from a widespread health problem is a socio-economic issue inside the business's labour supply. The packhouse plans extra hands the next season because the illness, not the orchard, was the gap. In sentences, say what Contemporary socio-economic issues is doing here, from the situation to the result.
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
Contemporary socio-economic issues. Unemployment means fewer wages to spend, so nearby shops lose regular buyers. Poverty pushes households to the cheapest goods and raises the chance of unpaid debt. Illness, including HIV, increases absenteeism, and crime adds security costs and stock losses. Inequality shows up as a few customers who can spend and many who cannot, and even if the firm did not cause the issue its takings and its risks still change.
2. What do we already know?
A Newcastle spaza's Friday takings used to depend on the factory gate across the road.
3. Which method — and why this one?
Contemporary socio-economic issues. Unemployment means fewer wages to spend, so nearby shops lose regular buyers. Poverty pushes households to the cheapest goods and raises the chance of unpaid debt. Illness, including HIV, increases absenteeism, and crime adds security costs and stock losses. Inequality shows up as a few customers who can spend and many who cannot, and even if the firm did not cause the issue its takings and its risks still change.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
What it is
Socio-economic issues such as unemployment, poverty, HIV, crime and inequality are problems in society that also become costs and lost sales for business.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
02 / 07
How it works
Unemployment means fewer wages to spend, so nearby shops lose regular buyers. Poverty pushes households to the cheapest goods and raises the chance of unpaid debt. Illness, including HIV, increases absenteeism, and crime adds security costs and stock losses. Inequality shows up as a few customers who can spend and many who cannot, and even if the firm did not cause the issue its takings and its risks still change.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
03 / 07
Worked theory
Worked theory. A clothing factory in Newcastle closes and about 200 machinists lose their wages. The spaza on the corner had lived off a long Friday queue of those workers buying maize meal, airtime and cold drink. The first Friday after the closure the queue is a handful of people, while the spaza's rent and stock are the same. Unemployment on that street removed the customers. Poverty and inequality in the town make it harder for a new employer to replace that Friday spend.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
04 / 07
Say it back
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
6. Check it like a marker
The answer names the situation, what changed, and the result. It does not stop at a heading.
7. A trap first-timers fall into
A common mix-up is treating unemployment as only a national headline, when a closed factory next door is already a business problem on that street.
7 · 2 Marks · Market environment
What is the answer to keep for Market environment?
Market environment
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: What is the answer to keep for Market environment?
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
2. What do we already know?
Copy these onto the left of your page, one per line, with units: every number and its unit in the sentence. Mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds, loses a method mark.
3. Which method — and why this one?
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Step A — Read the question twice
Slow down. Circle the word that names the unknown. Underline every number and its unit. Do not grab a formula yet — first decide what the paper is actually asking.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
02 / 07
Step B — Write the given in a column
Copy these onto the left of your page, one per line, with units: every number and its unit in the sentence. Mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds, loses a method mark.
Why this step: A column with units stops you mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds. Markers can also see you started correctly.
03 / 07
Step C — Name the method in words
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
04 / 07
Working
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
6. Check it like a marker
Does your answer appear as one of the options? Do the units match what was asked (m, N, J, °)? If you put the number back into the original equation, does it still hold? Estimate: is the size sensible?
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”
8 · 2 Marks · Micro environment
Worked theory. Mama Zanele's bakery on 3rd Avenue in Alexandra writes its mission as fresh bread by 6 am. The night baker, Sipho, quits on a Thursday. On Friday only 40 loaves are ready by 7:30, not 120 by 6:00, and taxi drivers who used to buy two loaves at R14 each walk past. The ovens, the flour and the mission line are still there. The missing resource is a skilled person inside the business, so the micro environment, not the street, is what broke the morning. What does this case show about Micro environment?
Micro environment
Notes: The micro environment is everything inside the business: vision, mission, objectives, structure, resources and culture. Managers can change these parts without waiting for a competitor or a new law.
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Worked theory. Mama Zanele's bakery on 3rd Avenue in Alexandra writes its mission as fresh bread by 6 am. The night baker, Sipho, quits on a Thursday. On Friday only 40 loaves are ready by 7:30, not 120 by 6:00, and taxi drivers who used to buy two loaves at R14 each walk past. The ovens, the flour and the mission line are still there. The missing resource is a skilled person inside the business, so the micro environment, not the street, is what broke the morning. What does this case show about Micro environment?
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
2. What do we already know?
The micro environment is everything inside the business: vision, mission, objectives, structure, resources and culture. Managers can change these parts without waiting for a competitor or a new law.
3. Which method — and why this one?
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Step A — Read the question twice
Slow down. Circle the word that names the unknown. Underline every number and its unit. Do not grab a formula yet — first decide what the paper is actually asking.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
02 / 07
Step B — Write the given in a column
The micro environment is everything inside the business: vision, mission, objectives, structure, resources and culture. Managers can change these parts without waiting for a competitor or a new law.
Why this step: A column with units stops you mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds. Markers can also see you started correctly.
03 / 07
Step C — Name the method in words
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
04 / 07
Working
Vision is the long picture, and the mission is the daily job the business exists to do. Objectives turn that job into a check, such as loaves ready before 6 am. Structure is who reports to whom, resources are the people, money, stock and machines, and culture is how staff behave when nobody is watching. If a key person leaves, the mission can fail even though customers outside have not changed.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
6. Check it like a marker
Does your answer appear as one of the options? Do the units match what was asked (m, N, J, °)? If you put the number back into the original equation, does it still hold? Estimate: is the size sensible?
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”
9 · 2 Marks · Macro environment
What is the answer to keep for Macro environment?
Macro environment
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: What is the answer to keep for Macro environment?
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
2. What do we already know?
Copy these onto the left of your page, one per line, with units: every number and its unit in the sentence. Mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds, loses a method mark.
3. Which method — and why this one?
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Step A — Read the question twice
Slow down. Circle the word that names the unknown. Underline every number and its unit. Do not grab a formula yet — first decide what the paper is actually asking.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
02 / 07
Step B — Write the given in a column
Copy these onto the left of your page, one per line, with units: every number and its unit in the sentence. Mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds, loses a method mark.
Why this step: A column with units stops you mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds. Markers can also see you started correctly.
03 / 07
Step C — Name the method in words
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
04 / 07
Working
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
6. Check it like a marker
Does your answer appear as one of the options? Do the units match what was asked (m, N, J, °)? If you put the number back into the original equation, does it still hold? Estimate: is the size sensible?
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”
10 · 2 Marks · Business sectors
What is the answer to keep for Business sectors?
Business sectors
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: What is the answer to keep for Business sectors?
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
2. What do we already know?
Copy these onto the left of your page, one per line, with units: every number and its unit in the sentence. Mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds, loses a method mark.
3. Which method — and why this one?
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Step A — Read the question twice
Slow down. Circle the word that names the unknown. Underline every number and its unit. Do not grab a formula yet — first decide what the paper is actually asking.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
02 / 07
Step B — Write the given in a column
Copy these onto the left of your page, one per line, with units: every number and its unit in the sentence. Mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds, loses a method mark.
Why this step: A column with units stops you mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds. Markers can also see you started correctly.
03 / 07
Step C — Name the method in words
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
04 / 07
Working
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
6. Check it like a marker
Does your answer appear as one of the options? Do the units match what was asked (m, N, J, °)? If you put the number back into the original equation, does it still hold? Estimate: is the size sensible?
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”
11 · 2 Marks · Micro environment
What is the answer to keep for Micro environment?
Micro environment
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: What is the answer to keep for Micro environment?
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
2. What do we already know?
Copy these onto the left of your page, one per line, with units: every number and its unit in the sentence. Mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds, loses a method mark.
3. Which method — and why this one?
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Step A — Read the question twice
Slow down. Circle the word that names the unknown. Underline every number and its unit. Do not grab a formula yet — first decide what the paper is actually asking.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
02 / 07
Step B — Write the given in a column
Copy these onto the left of your page, one per line, with units: every number and its unit in the sentence. Mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds, loses a method mark.
Why this step: A column with units stops you mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds. Markers can also see you started correctly.
03 / 07
Step C — Name the method in words
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
04 / 07
Working
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: The micro environment sits inside the business, and the business can change it.
6. Check it like a marker
Does your answer appear as one of the options? Do the units match what was asked (m, N, J, °)? If you put the number back into the original equation, does it still hold? Estimate: is the size sensible?
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”
12 · 2 Marks · Forms of ownership
Worked theory. Two friends in Mbombela want a hardware store that will owe a supplier about R80 000 for the first stock. As a sole trader, only one of them owns it and that person's house can be sold if the store cannot pay. As a partnership, both can be held for the full R80 000, even if they agreed to split it. As a private company, the company owes the supplier, and the friends lose the money they put in, not automatically the houses, if they keep company money and personal money apart. They pick the private company because the debt is larger than either of them can carry alone. What does this case show about Forms of ownership?
Forms of ownership
Notes: A form of ownership is who legally owns the business and who must pay its debts: a sole trader, a partnership, a private company, or a co-operative.
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Worked theory. Two friends in Mbombela want a hardware store that will owe a supplier about R80 000 for the first stock. As a sole trader, only one of them owns it and that person's house can be sold if the store cannot pay. As a partnership, both can be held for the full R80 000, even if they agreed to split it. As a private company, the company owes the supplier, and the friends lose the money they put in, not automatically the houses, if they keep company money and personal money apart. They pick the private company because the debt is larger than either of them can carry alone. What does this case show about Forms of ownership?
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
2. What do we already know?
A form of ownership is who legally owns the business and who must pay its debts: a sole trader, a partnership, a private company, or a co-operative.
3. Which method — and why this one?
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Step A — Read the question twice
Slow down. Circle the word that names the unknown. Underline every number and its unit. Do not grab a formula yet — first decide what the paper is actually asking.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
02 / 07
Step B — Write the given in a column
A form of ownership is who legally owns the business and who must pay its debts: a sole trader, a partnership, a private company, or a co-operative.
Why this step: A column with units stops you mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds. Markers can also see you started correctly.
03 / 07
Step C — Name the method in words
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
04 / 07
Working
A sole trader is one person. That person keeps the profit and is personally liable for the debts, and the business often stops when that person stops. A partnership is two or more people who share profit by agreement, and each partner can usually be sued for the full debt. A private company is a separate legal person, so the company, not the owners' houses, is the debtor if the company is run as a company. A co-operative is owned by its members for their mutual benefit. The form is chosen for liability, capital, tax and whether the business must outlive the founder.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
6. Check it like a marker
Does your answer appear as one of the options? Do the units match what was asked (m, N, J, °)? If you put the number back into the original equation, does it still hold? Estimate: is the size sensible?
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”
13 · 2 Marks · Macro environment
Worked theory. Clean Press, a laundry in Gqeberha, usually finishes about 80 loads a day on six machines. In one month load shedding cuts power for four hours on most weekdays, so finished loads fall to about 50. In the same month the national minimum wage rises and the wage bill for four workers goes up by about R1 200. The owner chose neither shock. Power is an environmental blow and the wage floor is a legal one, and both sit in the macro environment. What does this case show about Macro environment?
Macro environment
Notes: The macro environment is the broad outside world a single business cannot control, usually grouped as PESTLE: political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental.
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Worked theory. Clean Press, a laundry in Gqeberha, usually finishes about 80 loads a day on six machines. In one month load shedding cuts power for four hours on most weekdays, so finished loads fall to about 50. In the same month the national minimum wage rises and the wage bill for four workers goes up by about R1 200. The owner chose neither shock. Power is an environmental blow and the wage floor is a legal one, and both sit in the macro environment. What does this case show about Macro environment?
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
2. What do we already know?
The macro environment is the broad outside world a single business cannot control, usually grouped as PESTLE: political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental.
3. Which method — and why this one?
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Step A — Read the question twice
Slow down. Circle the word that names the unknown. Underline every number and its unit. Do not grab a formula yet — first decide what the paper is actually asking.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
02 / 07
Step B — Write the given in a column
The macro environment is the broad outside world a single business cannot control, usually grouped as PESTLE: political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental.
Why this step: A column with units stops you mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds. Markers can also see you started correctly.
03 / 07
Step C — Name the method in words
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
04 / 07
Working
Political forces include policy and stability, and economic forces include inflation, interest rates, the exchange rate and unemployment. Social forces include population, tastes and health, while technological forces include new machines and connectivity. Legal forces include laws such as the minimum wage, and environmental forces include climate, water and the power supply. One firm cannot switch these off, and can only change hours, prices or products after the force has already hit.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: PESTLE names outside forces a single business cannot switch off.
6. Check it like a marker
Does your answer appear as one of the options? Do the units match what was asked (m, N, J, °)? If you put the number back into the original equation, does it still hold? Estimate: is the size sensible?
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”
14 · 2 Marks · Market environment
Worked theory. Lindiwe and Thabo each run a hair salon on the same street in Mamelodi, and a relaxer at both shops costs R180. Their Pretoria wholesaler raises a tub of relaxer from R90 to R140. Lindiwe lifts her price to R230 while Thabo stays at R180 and takes a thinner margin. Within a month, eight of Lindiwe's regulars cross the street. Neither mission statement changed. The supplier and the competitor, both market forces, did. What does this case show about Market environment?
Market environment
Notes: The market environment is the immediate outside world a business deals with every day: customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries.
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Worked theory. Lindiwe and Thabo each run a hair salon on the same street in Mamelodi, and a relaxer at both shops costs R180. Their Pretoria wholesaler raises a tub of relaxer from R90 to R140. Lindiwe lifts her price to R230 while Thabo stays at R180 and takes a thinner margin. Within a month, eight of Lindiwe's regulars cross the street. Neither mission statement changed. The supplier and the competitor, both market forces, did. What does this case show about Market environment?
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
2. What do we already know?
The market environment is the immediate outside world a business deals with every day: customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries.
3. Which method — and why this one?
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Step A — Read the question twice
Slow down. Circle the word that names the unknown. Underline every number and its unit. Do not grab a formula yet — first decide what the paper is actually asking.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
02 / 07
Step B — Write the given in a column
The market environment is the immediate outside world a business deals with every day: customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries.
Why this step: A column with units stops you mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds. Markers can also see you started correctly.
03 / 07
Step C — Name the method in words
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
04 / 07
Working
Customers decide whether to buy, and suppliers set the cost and reliability of inputs. Competitors offer something similar to the same people, so a price or a better location can pull sales across the street. Intermediaries such as wholesalers, agents and delivery riders stand between the maker and the final buyer. The business does not own these groups, but a change in any one of them changes sales even when the mission on the wall stays the same.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: Customers, suppliers, competitors and intermediaries are the market environment just outside the door.
6. Check it like a marker
Does your answer appear as one of the options? Do the units match what was asked (m, N, J, °)? If you put the number back into the original equation, does it still hold? Estimate: is the size sensible?
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”
15 · 2 Marks · Forms of ownership
What is the answer to keep for Forms of ownership?
Forms of ownership
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: What is the answer to keep for Forms of ownership?
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
2. What do we already know?
Copy these onto the left of your page, one per line, with units: every number and its unit in the sentence. Mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds, loses a method mark.
3. Which method — and why this one?
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Step A — Read the question twice
Slow down. Circle the word that names the unknown. Underline every number and its unit. Do not grab a formula yet — first decide what the paper is actually asking.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
02 / 07
Step B — Write the given in a column
Copy these onto the left of your page, one per line, with units: every number and its unit in the sentence. Mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds, loses a method mark.
Why this step: A column with units stops you mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds. Markers can also see you started correctly.
03 / 07
Step C — Name the method in words
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
04 / 07
Working
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: The form decides who owns the profit and whose property stands behind the debts.
6. Check it like a marker
Does your answer appear as one of the options? Do the units match what was asked (m, N, J, °)? If you put the number back into the original equation, does it still hold? Estimate: is the size sensible?
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”
16 · 2 Marks · Contemporary socio-economic issues
What is the answer to keep for Contemporary socio-economic issues?
Contemporary socio-economic issues
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: What is the answer to keep for Contemporary socio-economic issues?
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
2. What do we already know?
Copy these onto the left of your page, one per line, with units: every number and its unit in the sentence. Mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds, loses a method mark.
3. Which method — and why this one?
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Step A — Read the question twice
Slow down. Circle the word that names the unknown. Underline every number and its unit. Do not grab a formula yet — first decide what the paper is actually asking.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
02 / 07
Step B — Write the given in a column
Copy these onto the left of your page, one per line, with units: every number and its unit in the sentence. Mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds, loses a method mark.
Why this step: A column with units stops you mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds. Markers can also see you started correctly.
03 / 07
Step C — Name the method in words
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
04 / 07
Working
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
6. Check it like a marker
Does your answer appear as one of the options? Do the units match what was asked (m, N, J, °)? If you put the number back into the original equation, does it still hold? Estimate: is the size sensible?
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”
17 · 2 Marks · Business sectors
Worked theory. A farm in the Hex River Valley picks grapes, which is primary because the fruit comes from the land. A cellar in the same valley presses and bottles the wine, which is secondary because a raw product is transformed. A bottle store in Cape Town sells a bottle to a household for R85, which is tertiary because the shop is retailing a finished good. The grape, the bottle and the sale are three sectors of one chain, not three names for the same job. What does this case show about Business sectors?
Business sectors
Notes: Economic activity falls into three sectors: primary takes raw materials from nature, secondary turns them into goods, and tertiary sells a service or gets the finished good to the user.
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Worked theory. A farm in the Hex River Valley picks grapes, which is primary because the fruit comes from the land. A cellar in the same valley presses and bottles the wine, which is secondary because a raw product is transformed. A bottle store in Cape Town sells a bottle to a household for R85, which is tertiary because the shop is retailing a finished good. The grape, the bottle and the sale are three sectors of one chain, not three names for the same job. What does this case show about Business sectors?
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
2. What do we already know?
Economic activity falls into three sectors: primary takes raw materials from nature, secondary turns them into goods, and tertiary sells a service or gets the finished good to the user.
3. Which method — and why this one?
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Step A — Read the question twice
Slow down. Circle the word that names the unknown. Underline every number and its unit. Do not grab a formula yet — first decide what the paper is actually asking.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
02 / 07
Step B — Write the given in a column
Economic activity falls into three sectors: primary takes raw materials from nature, secondary turns them into goods, and tertiary sells a service or gets the finished good to the user.
Why this step: A column with units stops you mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds. Markers can also see you started correctly.
03 / 07
Step C — Name the method in words
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
04 / 07
Working
Primary work includes farming, fishing, mining and forestry. Secondary work includes factories, mills and building, where something raw is transformed. Tertiary work includes shops, transport, banks, schools and salons. One product can pass through all three sectors, the sector is decided by the activity at that step, and the size of the firm or the town it sits in does not decide the sector.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: Primary extracts, secondary makes, and tertiary serves or sells.
6. Check it like a marker
Does your answer appear as one of the options? Do the units match what was asked (m, N, J, °)? If you put the number back into the original equation, does it still hold? Estimate: is the size sensible?
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”
18 · 2 Marks · Contemporary socio-economic issues
Worked theory. A clothing factory in Newcastle closes and about 200 machinists lose their wages. The spaza on the corner had lived off a long Friday queue of those workers buying maize meal, airtime and cold drink. The first Friday after the closure the queue is a handful of people, while the spaza's rent and stock are the same. Unemployment on that street removed the customers. Poverty and inequality in the town make it harder for a new employer to replace that Friday spend. What does this case show about Contemporary socio-economic issues?
Contemporary socio-economic issues
Notes: Socio-economic issues such as unemployment, poverty, HIV, crime and inequality are problems in society that also become costs and lost sales for business.
How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Worked theory. A clothing factory in Newcastle closes and about 200 machinists lose their wages. The spaza on the corner had lived off a long Friday queue of those workers buying maize meal, airtime and cold drink. The first Friday after the closure the queue is a handful of people, while the spaza's rent and stock are the same. Unemployment on that street removed the customers. Poverty and inequality in the town make it harder for a new employer to replace that Friday spend. What does this case show about Contemporary socio-economic issues?
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
2. What do we already know?
Socio-economic issues such as unemployment, poverty, HIV, crime and inequality are problems in society that also become costs and lost sales for business.
3. Which method — and why this one?
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Step A — Read the question twice
Slow down. Circle the word that names the unknown. Underline every number and its unit. Do not grab a formula yet — first decide what the paper is actually asking.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
02 / 07
Step B — Write the given in a column
Socio-economic issues such as unemployment, poverty, HIV, crime and inequality are problems in society that also become costs and lost sales for business.
Why this step: A column with units stops you mixing cm with m, or minutes with seconds. Markers can also see you started correctly.
03 / 07
Step C — Name the method in words
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
Why this step: If you can say the method in a sentence, you will pick the right formula. First-timers skip this and grab the first equation they remember.
04 / 07
Working
Unemployment means fewer wages to spend, so nearby shops lose regular buyers. Poverty pushes households to the cheapest goods and raises the chance of unpaid debt. Illness, including HIV, increases absenteeism, and crime adds security costs and stock losses. Inequality shows up as a few customers who can spend and many who cannot, and even if the firm did not cause the issue its takings and its risks still change.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Answer: Socio-economic issues cut sales, raise costs, or both, even when the shop itself did nothing new.
6. Check it like a marker
Does your answer appear as one of the options? Do the units match what was asked (m, N, J, °)? If you put the number back into the original equation, does it still hold? Estimate: is the size sensible?
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”