Paper 1 — language

Direct and indirect speech

Keep the speaker’s words if the speech is direct. Change the tense if it is reported.

CAPS

Grade 10 · Siswati First Additional Language · Direct and indirect speech

Direct speech quotes. Indirect speech reports.

  • Direct

    The exact words sit in quotation marks. A comma or a colon separates them from the reporting verb. The question mark or exclamation mark stays inside the quote if the spoken words had it.

  • Indirect

    No quotation marks. If the reporting verb is in the past, the spoken verb usually steps one tense back. Pronouns change to match who is being reported. Time words change: today becomes that day, tomorrow becomes the next day.

  • Reported questions

    Use if, whether, or the question word. The word order becomes a statement. The question mark disappears. “Where are you?” becomes he asked where she was.

  • Punctuation you will be asked to fix

    A missing comma before the quote, a capital where the quote continues the sentence, and a tense that did not shift are the usual edits.

This is a Paper 1 language question. Rewrite only what was asked. Do not improve the story.

nounverbobjectadjectiveadverb

Say this

Ku-Siswati First Additional Language, Sipho loluleme uhlola luhlelo ngalokuhleleke echwebeni.

  • Verb

    uhlola

  • Adjective

    loluleme

  • Noun

    luhlelo

  • Adverb

    ngalokuhleleke

Pronounce

Stress the action “uhlola”. The describing word is “loluleme”. “ngalokuhleleke” says how. The place is echwebeni.

Worked example

Siswati First Additional Language, Grade 10. Direct and indirect speech. Use these five examples only. Do not import a sentence from another topic.

Simplified approach

Rule, five examples written for this topic, one common mistake, then a short quiz.

Culture note

First Additional Language in Siswati First Additional Language: the marker credits the rule on the sentence the question asked about.

Step 1 / 4

Rule

Direct speech keeps the speaker’s words and the quotation marks. Indirect speech drops the marks, changes the pronoun, and moves the tense back after a past reporting verb.

More worked examples

Board walkthroughs on this topic. Open one, copy the working, then try the next.

Example 1 / 20

Liphepha 1 kucondzisisa, Libanga 10. Lucephu: “Umugca emtfolamphilo uchubekela embili kancane ngemuva kwemvula. Umhlengikati ubita libito lelilandzelako, umfana uhlala endzaweni yakhe.” Uyini umcondvo lomkhulu? Caphuna emagama lamane lawusekelako.

4. Step-by-step working

  1. 01

    Liphuzu

    Akaphumi emugceni. Umhlengikati ubita libito lelilandzelako, yena uyahlala.

    umcondvo: ulindza litfuba lakhe
  2. 02

    Sebentisa umtsetfo

    Caphuna kuphela lokubhaliwe: “ubita libito lelilandzelako”.

    sicaphuno
  3. 03

    Hlola

    Sicaphuno sisekela umcondvo. Sicaphuno lesikhuluma ngemvula kuphela besingeke sifike ephuzwini.

    sicaphuno siyafanela

How we got there

Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.

Explain in another language · 11

1. What is the question asking?

Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: Liphepha 1 kucondzisisa, Libanga 10. Lucephu: “Umugca emtfolamphilo uchubekela embili kancane ngemuva kwemvula. Umhlengikati ubita libito lelilandzelako, umfana uhlala endzaweni yakhe.” Uyini umcondvo lomkhulu? Caphuna emagama lamane lawusekelako.

In other words — as if you have never seen this before

If you have never seen this before: Umcondvo lomkhulu uselucephwini lonkhe, awukho egameni linye. Sicaphuno kufanele siphume embhalweni. We will name a method in words, write the formula with no numbers, then substitute one line at a time.

2. What do we already know?

sigaba lesifisha

3. Which method — and why this one?

Umcondvo lomkhulu uselucephwini lonkhe, awukho egameni linye. Sicaphuno kufanele siphume embhalweni.

4. Step-by-step working

  1. 01 / 06

    Liphuzu

    Akaphumi emugceni. Umhlengikati ubita libito lelilandzelako, yena uyahlala.

    umcondvo: ulindza litfuba lakhe

    Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.

  2. 02 / 06

    Sebentisa umtsetfo

    Caphuna kuphela lokubhaliwe: “ubita libito lelilandzelako”.

    sicaphuno

    Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.

  3. 03 / 06

    Hlola

    Sicaphuno sisekela umcondvo. Sicaphuno lesikhuluma ngemvula kuphela besingeke sifike ephuzwini.

    sicaphuno siyafanela

    Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.

  4. 04 / 06

    Step G — Sense-check the size

    Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.

    Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.

  5. 05 / 06

    Step F — Box the answer with its unit

    Umfana uhlala emugceni aze abitwe libito lakhe. Bufakazi: “ubita libito lelilandzelako”.

    Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.

  6. 06 / 06

    Step H — What the marker is looking for

    On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.

    Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.

5. The answer

Umfana uhlala emugceni aze abitwe libito lakhe. Bufakazi: “ubita libito lelilandzelako”.

6. Check it like a marker

Ungengeti imphi, sifaniso nobe imiva lengashiwongo elucephwini. Emamaki ekucondzisisa ahlala ngekhatsi embhalweni.

7. A trap first-timers fall into

First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”

Ntsako · fx-991ZA PLUS. Tap to calculate.