How we got there
Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.
Explain in another language · 11
1. What is the question asking?
Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: A bag has 4 red beads and 1 blue bead. Two beads are drawn without replacement. Find the probability that both are red.
Before any working — hunt first
Given
Numbers and units already in the sentence: 4 red · 1 blue. Copy each one into a column. A name without a number is not given.
Missing
After you copy the given, the letter that still has no number is missing. The paper is pointing at: the probability that both are red. Circle that word — that is the missing variable.
Find
We are required to find: the probability that both are red. Write that as a symbol on the left, with a question mark, before you touch a formula.
Calculate
Write 45 with empty letters. Cross out every letter that already has a number. Calculate the letter that is still standing — that gives the probability that both are red.
In other words — as if you have never seen this before
If you have never seen this before: The first red changes the bag. Multiply the two fractions. Do not use 45 × 45. We will name a method in words, write the formula with no numbers, then substitute one line at a time.
2. What do we already know?
4 red, 1 blue, 5 beads. No replacement. Order of drawing is not asked.
3. Which method — and why this one?
The first red changes the bag. Multiply the two fractions. Do not use 45 × 45.
4. Step-by-step working
01 / 07
Write the formula
First draw: 4 red out of 5 beads.
45Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
02 / 07
Subtract
One red bead is gone. 4 − 1 = 3 red left, and 5 − 1 = 4 beads left.
34Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
03 / 07
Multiply
Numerators: 4 × 3 = 12. Denominators: 5 × 4 = 20.
(4 × 3)(5 × 4)=1220Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
04 / 07
Divide
12 and 20 divide by 4. 124=3 and 204=5, so the probability is 35.
1220=35Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
05 / 07
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
06 / 07
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
35
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
07 / 07
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.
5. The answer
35
Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order
Formula: 45
Answer: 35
6. Check it like a marker
With replacement the second fraction would stay 45 and the answer would be 1625. The question says without replacement.
7. A trap first-timers fall into
First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”